CHAPTER I – COMPUTER NETWORKING

 D. Define the following.

 1. Protocol

It is a set of rules that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate over the network.

 2. Router

A router is a device that connects multiple computers or devices together and transmits data to the correct destination on the network through a process called routing. It acts as a junction between two or more networks and transfers data packets among them.

 3. FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a set of rules that allows file uploading to and downloading from other computers on the Internet

 E. Differentiate between the following:

 1. Hub and Switch

HUB

SWITCH

A hub offers a central location where all the cables on a network meet. It allows us to connect multiple computers to a single network.

A switch is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network. It receives data from many directions and then forward it to one or more destinations

 2. Twisted Pair and Coaxial Cable

Twisted Pair

Coaxial Cable

It consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together. Landline phone networks and LANs often use twisted-pair cables.

 

It consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers. The first layer is a copper wire, the second layer is a wire mesh and the third layer is a plastic or PVC coating.Cable TV network wiring uses coaxial cables

 3. Star topology and Ring topology

Star topology

Ring topology

In star topology, connector called a hub is placed at the center to which all the other nodes are connected. All information which are passed from one computer to another on the network passes through the hub.

In ring topology, nodes are connected in a circular chain in which each node is connected to the next one and the last node is connected to the first one.All information passes through the ring in same direction which can be either clockwise or anticlockwise

 4. POP3 and IMAP

POP3

IMAP

POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) is an email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server and allows the user to view, access and manipulate the message after downloading or storing it on their computer

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is an email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server and allows the user to view, access and manipulate the messages on the mail server from their computer.

 F. Answer in 1-2 sentences:

 1. What is a computer network?

A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected by communication channels.

 2. What are network communication channels?

Network communication channels are the medium on which the data, instructions, or information travel. Most commonly used communication channel media are physical and wireless.

 3. Name the different types of wireless transmission media.

Types of wireless transmission media used in communication include infrared, broadcast radio, cellular radio, microwaves, and communication satellites.

 4. What is network topology?

In networking, the term topology refers to the layout structure of connected computers and devices on a network.

G. Answer briefly

 1. What are the basic requirements for computer communication?

Basic requirements for computer communication are:

·  Sender: It is a sending device that initiates to send data,instructions or information.

    Communication channel or transmission data: It is a medium through which the data, instructions, or information can travel.

·  Receiver: It is a receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information.

·  Protocol: It is a set of rules that outlines characteristics of  how two devices communicate.

2. What are the different types of networks?

·   LAN: Local Area Network (LAN) connects the computers and the devices in a limited geographical area, such as home, school computer laboratory, office building or closely positioned group of buildings.

·  MAN: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects the LANs in a metropolitan area such as a city or a town.

·   WAN: Wide Area Network (WAN) spans over a large geographical area, such as an entire city, region, or even an entire country all over the world.

    PAN: Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network that connects personal devices like laptop, smartphones, digital cameras,printers, etc. in an individual’s workspace using wired or wireless technology.

 3. What are the different types of network architecture?

·   Peer-to-Peer network: It is a network of two or more computers that uses the same type of programs to communicate and share data.

·   Client/Server network: It is a network in which one or more computers are designated as server(s), and the other computers on the network, called clients, can request services from the server.

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